Essay Samples Reviews & Tips

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Music, Theater, And Dance From The Inside Out - 900 Words

At age eighteen, I underwent one of the most strenuous experiences of my life when I attended a prestigious musical theatre conservatory. From 7:30a until 10:00p Monday through Friday, I never stopped moving. I committed to studying music, theatre, and dance from the inside out. I consulted newspaper archives and interviewed playwrights in order to understand my characters’ backgrounds. I delved into every aspect of the plays I was assigned, like an investigator rather than a performer, learning about the political and social climate of the era in which the plays were first written and performed, the biographies of the playwrights, and even the weather patterns in the regions where the plays were set. Unlike my classmates, who reported feeling burdened and uninspired by their research, I experienced a rush of excitement with every new discovery. Meanwhile, in class, my professors scrutinized everything about me. They denounced the way I walked, the way I spoke, and the way I b reathed. Though difficult, this feedback permanently altered my view of myself, allowing me to become more self-aware. Surprisingly, rather than breaking me, the critical eyes of my professors and peers gave me renewed confidence and assertiveness. In spite of this, throughout the year I became more and more cynical about the art form I loved. Although my commitment to my characters never faltered, my work in the theatre felt hollow. A new understanding of the battered women and disenfranchisedShow MoreRelatedEl Salvadors Impact On The United States1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe area that is currently El Salvador was originally comprised of 3 vast indigenous states and various territories. The Pipils, indigenous occupants who settled in present day Mexico, are a nomadic people that originated from Nahua. The Lencas settled and represented the eastern district while the Mayan the Chortis occupied the North zone of the Lempa Hi River. In 1524, Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado neglected to seize area in light of the Pipil warriors. Be that as it may, in 1525 heRead MoreEl Salvador s Impact On The United States1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe area that is currently El Salvador was originally comprised of 3 vast indigenous states and various territories. The Pipils, indigenous occupants who settled in present day Mexico, are a nomadic people that originated from Nahua. The Lencas settled and represented the eastern district while the Mayan the Chortis occupied the North zone of the Lempa Hi River. In 1524, Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado neglected to seize area in light of the Pipil warriors. 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Biotechnology Company Vaccine Ltd.

Question: Discuss about the case study of Biotechnology Company for Vaccine Ltd. Answer: Introduction: Issue: In this case, Mr. Soust was earlier the chief executive officer of a biotechnology company, Select Vaccine Ltd., which was a listed company. Goldberg J of the Federal Court made these orders. In the present case, the ASIC was successful in getting a pecuniary penalty order and also a disqualification order in proceedings that were initiated against Dr. Martin Soust. The Court arrived at the conclusion that contravention had taken place regarding the purchase of the shares of Select Vaccine Ltd by Dr. Soust in the name of his mother on 31st of December, 2007. The effect of this purchase was that the price of the shares of this company was increased from 2.0 cents to 2.5 cents which amounted to a rise of 25 percent. The court heard that the plea regarding the imposition of appropriate penalty and gave the order that Dr. Soust should pay a monetary fine of $80,000. At the same time, the Federal Court also ordered that the concern person should be barred from managing incorporatio n for 10 years in future. It was also ordered by Goldberg J that legal costs should be paid by Mr. Soust to the ASIC. Rule: Select Vaccine Limited was involved in the development and sale of vaccines that preventing infectious diseases. The shares of the company were mentioned on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) but there was very little trading in these shares. At that time, Dr. Martin Soust was acting as the MD and CEO of the company. According to an Executive Service Agreement, the services of Dr. Martin Soust were provided for $245,000 per annum and also a bonus that was related with the movement in the share prices of the company. It also needs to be noted at this point that a bonus was to be paid to Dr. Martin Soust in case there was, a change in the share price of the company, that outpaces the variation in the Intersuisse Biotech Index by a percentage of 10 points. In this way, for instance, in case, the index increases 10 percent within a year, and the share prices of the company increases by 15%, the bonus will amount to 40% of the service fee; in the same way if the index drops 10% and the s hare prices of the company declined by 4%, the bonus will amount to percent of the service fee. In this regard, the balance date of the company was that it was 31st of December every year and the movements taking place in the prices of the shares of the company were to the measured during the reporting period. It also needs to be mentioned that Dr. Martin Soust was also the member of the board of the company. As was the case with all other directors and officers, he had to follow the share trading policy of the company. He was prevented from trading in the shares of the company except during the six weeks, after the annual general meeting of the company and the release of the half yearly and annual financial results of the company. However, Dr. Soust put a bid with his stockbrokers on 31st of Dec. 2007 which was outside these permitted periods. After that moment, the last preceding sale was executed at the price of 2 cents. Dr. Soust was aware that the meaning of the deficiency of market depth was that many trades will be needed to fulfill the order and consequently the prices will increase passed the 2.4 cents at which they were offered earlier. Immediately, a trade was conducted at 2.4 cents and subsequently, two more trades took place at the price of 2.5 cents per share. The result was that the price of the shares of the company increased immediately by 19.05% as compared to the price of 2.1 cents per share on 31st of December, 2006 and outpaced the Intersuisse Biotech Index by 20.54 percent. If that trade was not made by Dr. Soust, the price of the shares of the company would have decreased by 4.76% and in this way, it would have under-achieved the Intersuisse Biotech Index by 3.27%. Later on, Dr. Martin Soust joined the meeting of the remuneration committee of the company and the full board meeting. It was disclosed by him that he had made the trade due to which the price of the shares increased from two cents 2.5 cents. The result was that subsequently it was resolved by the board of the company that the performance bonus should be paid to Dr. Martin Soust. However this would not have been decided by the board if it would have known that the managing director, Dr. Soust was involved in the transaction. Application: Under these circumstances, the ASIC blamed that Dr. Martin Soust had carried out the transactions due to which, an artificial price for the shares of the company has been created (amounting to market manipulation) and it also resulted in a false and misleading impression that an active market was present for the shares of the company or that the shares were being frequently traded at a certain price (amounting to market rigging). The ASIC also accused that Dr. Soust had also failed to discharge his duty to act in good faith, and in the best interests of the company as well as the duty to act for proper purpose. The evidence presented by the ASIC related with the factual background was not challenged by Dr. Soust. Instead he claimed that his actions cannot be considered as a contravention of the various provisions of the Corporations Act. In his support, he claimed that the transactions were generally in the sense that they were not fictituous; in these transactions, the seller was not misled by any means; it is not fake to purchase shares at a price which they were offered; it is not illegal to do something due to which the share prices have increased and the authenticity of the trade was not adversely affected by an ulterior motive. On the other hand, it was argued by the ASIC that the intention behind these transactions was to generate an artificial price for the shares of the company, or in other words, an amount contract only one mainly with the purpose of setting the market. It was claimed that Dr. Martin Soust was not a sincere purchaser and he had hoped that he will have the shares at the best price that will be accepted by any willing and well-informed seller. But instead he paid a price that failed to represent the interplay of the genuine forces regarding supplying and demand.[1] The result was that a false and misleading appearance regarding the price of the shares of the company was created by these transactions, claimed the ASIC. Therefore the ASIC started its civil penalty proceedings on 24 December, 2008 and it sought the declarations from the court that the purchase of the shares had resulted in creating an artificial price for trading in the shares of Select Vaccine Ltd that amounted to a breach of the provisions of section 1041B, Corporations Act. At the same time, the ASIC also sought a declaration from the court that Dr. Martin Soust has also breached his duties as the director of the company and had used his position name properly. Similarly, he failed to act in good faith when he did not inform the board of the company and the remuneration committee regarding his participation in the buying of the shares made on 31 Dec. 2007. The submissions made by the ASIC were preferred by Federal Court. After going through all the evidence placed before it, the Court came to the conclusion that the test that needs to be applied in this case is if the price is constructed or contrived so as to be different from what will generally take place in the ordinary course of things. The court said that it is fundamental for the market integrity that the buyers want that they buy the securities at the lowest possible price and the sellers try to attain the uppermost possible price for the securities. If any other approach is adopted by the buyers of the sellers, open market forces of demand and supply will be distorted by such conduct. It is a misconception to believe in the presence of a genuine seller in isolation, when there is no genuine buyer proposed with acquiring the securities at the lowest possible price. Therefore, the court stated that by purchasing the shares of the company at an artificially high price, amounted t o the contravention of the share trading policy of the company and the fact of concealing this activity from the board of the company also resulted in the breach of the director's duty of good faith by Dr. Soust. Under these circumstances, the court made the following declarations of contravention. It stated that Dr. Martin Soust had contravene the provisions of section 1041A, Corporations Act, when he took part and carried out the transaction regarding which it can be said that it had created an artificial price for trading in the shares of the company. The court also declared that Dr. Soust had contravened the provisions of section 1041(1)(b), Corporations Act when he was involved in an act that had resulted in creating a false and misleading appearance regarding the price for trading of the shares of the company on the ASX. Similarly, it was mentioned by the court that the provisions of section 181(1) of the Corporations Act have also been contravened by Dr. Soust when he did not exercise his powers and discharge his duties as the director of the company in good faith and in the best interests of the company. It was also held that another provision of the Corporations Act, section 182(1) h as been breached by the defendant as he had used his position name properly as Select Vaccines Limiteds director for the purpose of gaining an advantage. Therefore in this case, Goldberg J of the Federal Court had discussed the meaning of artificial price. The court stated that the meaning of the term was a price that has been created with a view that was not related with attaining the outcome of the interplay of general market forces related with the demand and supply and at the same time, the uncertainty regarding section 1041A has been removed by the views of Justice Goldberg which have also been found by the High Court. Conclusion: In this way, in this case it was found by the court that the defendant was involved in market manipulation that contravene the provisions of Corporations Act, namely sections 1041A and 1041B. in this regard, the Federal Court arrived at the conclusion that the term "artificial price" as mentioned in section 1041A is related with the price that is not created with a view to implement or consummate a transaction among sincere parties who want to buy or sell securities in the market but instead for any other purpose that is not related the purpose of achieving the interplay of genuine market forces regarding demand and supply. In this regard, Goldberg J considered the reasoning adopted in North v Marra Developments Ltd by Mason J and stated that these are also applicable to creating an false price for securities as described action 1041A due to the reason that it had resulted in the creation of a false or misleading impression regarding the market for, or the price of securities under s ection 1041B. Bibliography Ann OConnell, Protecting the Integrity of Securities Markets What is an Artificial Price?: DPP (Cth) v JM on Opinions on High (1 August 2013) https://blogs.unimelb. edu.au/opinionsonhigh/2013/07/25/o-connell-jm/ Adler v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2003] NSWCA 131 Briginshaw v Briginshaw [1938] HCA 34 DPP (Cth) v J M [2013] HCA 30 Fame Decorator Agencies Pty Ltd v Jeffries Industries Ltd [1998] NSWSC 157 North v Marra Developments Ltd (1981) [1981] HCA 68

The New Beetle Case free essay sample

At a time when American’s were sceptical about the purchase of imported cars, due to lack of availability of spare partes and costly repairs, heightening Germany’s existing image problem in the market, Volkswagen introduced the Beetle in 1949 which turned out to be a phenomenal success and envisaged a cult-following by the 60s. However due to factors, such as Deutsche Mark appreciation, declining hatchback popularity, new environmental legislations all led to a dramatic decline in the sales of the Volkswagen Beetle. The sales after peaking in 1968, died out completely by 1981. Subsequently with a renewed focus to leverage a no. of value propositions from the old beetle such as strong heritage value, focus on unique driving experience and delivering German technology at an affordable value, the company decided to re-model the Beetle to incorporate design features such as –honest, reliable, simple and original to design the New Beetle. After meeting with success through its initial promotional campaigns, the company’s marketing manager Vanzura had decided to target the Baby bloomers with a proposition aimed at ‘indulging in nostalgia’. We will write a custom essay sample on The New Beetle Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While rival companies spent upwards of 100 million dollars towards promotional budget, Vanzura would have to content with 25% of the typical budget size, which would further shrink if Vanzura would have to allocate dollars towards promotional expense of the New Passat which had debuted just 5 months ago. With this constraint on its budgetary resources, the company marketing manager set out to decide the marketing strategy to be followed for the new Beetle. The fundamental problem came down to targeting a broad customer base by advertising in the televisions or to position itself to cater to a niche category by advertising in the print media. The old Beetle †¢Beetle was the most successful car model of its time, more than 21 million Beetles were sold. It also was also a huge success in America and had become an true American icon. †¢The Beetle had a huge fan following in the new generation of Americans. It had become a symbol of individuality and personal style. †¢Beetle found a place in Disney movies as â€Å"Herbie the love bug†, and also in the lives of the common American as a member of his family. A brief history of VW and Beetle After the launch of Beetle in America, which turned to be great success, VW of America was set up as a subsidiary to VW. A few car models were also launched like Rabit, Microbus and Karmann Gia sport coupe which were successful as well. However Beetle was still the leading car model for VW as it always contributed more than 65% sales (by volume) for VW till 1974. However, due to strengthening of Deutsche Mark, competition from cheaper Japanese brands VW saw its sales declining in US during 1970s. Due to recession in 1982, declining popularity of hatchbacks and inability to comply with the environmental legislation Beetle was withdrawn from the US markets. VW also took a hit and sales dropped to less than 50000 by 1993. In 1994 a campaign was launched to revive VW and a plan for relaunching Beetle in 1998 was also considered. Bring back the Beetle â€Å"What are you waiting for Doc? Bring back the Beetle. And hurry. † This was the the opening sentence of a letter to Dr Ferdinand Piech, Chairman Volkswagen AG Board of management, which appeared in Chicago Tribune. This reflected the enthusiasm and the anticipation prevailing in the market for the New Beetle. But there were some challenges which were to be addressed before the launch. One of the major challenges was to remove the misconceptions about Beetle. Beetle was considered to be a â€Å"toy car†. This image of Beetle needed a repair to ensure the New Beetle is looked upon as a â€Å"Real, Driveable car†. The Beetle did have a segment of potential customers, ie the Baby Boomers, but for a sustained growth it also had to look beyond and exploit the appeal which Beetle had in other customer segments. Efforts to retain Baby Boomers were also required because the New Beetle was not a replica of the old Beetle. Thus positioning of Beetle was the key concern for VW. Positioning of the new Beetle with the backdrop of old Beetle’s image success coupled with a limited advertising budget was a challenging job and was considered as â€Å"Mission : Impossible† for a marketer. New Beetle: SWOT analysis Strength: The new beetle enjoys an iconic heritage; it is the successor of a car which enjoyed cult following among the mass and the elite alike during its hay-days. The strong brand image of yesteryears associated with the TYPE I Beetle definitely acts as one of its strength. In addition the new Beetle in today’s age of technology leverages its strength of affordable German engineering to provide its users with the joy of a unique driving experience, which the owners can associate with it. And finally, its design principles – honest, simple, reliable and original, which reinforce its penchant to use classic elements and basic shapes with the help of cutting edge technology and modern detail is symbolic of its spirit and historical strength. Weakness: One of the concerns which would keep the marketing unit busy at work would be the ‘toy car’ image which has been tagged to it in the market. However the case exclusively quotes that â€Å"While many people saw the car as more of a toy, the New Beetle had its fair share of fans. † Another weakness of the new Beetle was that it was one of the more expensive cars in the segment which was contrary to its customer’s perception of affordability that they attached to its predecessor. However the main concern for the new Beetle was the limited advertisement budget at its disposal and the consequently low ad recall that emanated from it. Opportunities: Notwithstanding the above facts, there were several opportunities in the arket for the new Beetle which it could take advantage of. The primary being the emergence of a new generation of fun loving consumers who wanted to express themselves by showing off to the world their car and the confidence associated with it. The nostalgia surrounding the car coupled with innovative promotions and attractive lease financing schemes all represent a favourable proposition for the marketing of the car. In addition, the new Beetle seeks to explore the revelation of people’s love for round shapes using this as an opportunity to promote its simple yet modern designs. Threats: While the above discussion paints a rosy picture of the new Beetle, all isn’t well with the car and/or the market in general. A decrease of 5% in the small car segment might be indications of a contract market. This coupled with the propositions of competition from Japanese auto makers, in terms of price and volume represents a growing threat which the new Beetle must look to effectively counter. In addition the loss of exclusivity of dealers meant that the dealers were looking elsewhere to regain costs and were not optimistic about Beetles’ selling strengths. While limited promotional budget represented a weakness in the new Beetles’ marketing campaign it might as well stand for a potent threat, the failure in increase of which might steam-roll the marketing campaign of the new Beetle. New Beetle Value proposition (CCDS): The New Beetle creates substantial value for the customers because of its cutting edge German Technology and revamped stylish looks. The Car also emphasizes on safety with dual air bags and driving comfort. This was adequately communicated to the customers with new ad campaigns especially with the spearhead Drivers Wanted. Again campaign. The Beetle was banking heavily on the nostalgia factor and was promoted with several ads highlighting this feature. The Beetle added perceived value in the customers mind with in built six speaker music systems, and in built air conditioning in the standard package. This coupled with zero maintenance left a very favourable impression in the customers view. The Beetles extended warranty and dealership training programmes ensured that this created value was sustained over a long period. New Beetle: A New Product The New Beetle could be considered as a new product which was being launched. Applying the Booz Allen Hamilton theory, we can see the following characteristics of in the New Beetle. 1. The new Beetle launched with an intention to have the same appeal as the old Beetle had and exploit the emotional attachment which people had with beetle. The new Beetle, however had a different design, better technical features and was â€Å"no replica† of the old Beetle. 2. The new Beetle was to be carefully positioned in the market so that it appeals all segments of customers. It was to be projected as a â€Å"real, driveable car†. This required a repositioning of Beetle in the market. These factors indicate that the New Beetle was a New product, however it did carry the emotions and design principles which the original Beetle had. The Beetle Market Arnold Communications had done a lot of market research to understand the customer and dealer perceptions about Volkswagen. They found that most of the VW consumers were young, slightly affluent and more educated than an average car buyer. The enjoyed the unique driving experience provided by VW cars. VW was perceived to be affordable as well. These notions, followed by the Drivers Wanted campaig set the stage for targeting a huge market for the New Beetle. As per the initial market research VW of America, the New Beetle appealed to a number of different consumer segments. The market included the Baby Boomers and also the new core audience of the 18-34 year olds. Strategy: The target market segment for â€Å"The New Beetle† was demographically diverse though the potential customers embodied qualities such as confidence, individualism and a desire to be the centre of attention. They loved to drive the spirited design and gave more importance to the â€Å"driving experience†. The co-branding campaign with K2 and Trek was consistent with the target audience’s aspirations and desires. The â€Å"Drivers Wanted† was suitable for communicating the basic value proposition of â€Å"The New Beetle† also. Therefore, the company should continue with these two campaigns to utilize the brand awareness that was created. The euphoria created in the market about the launch of new model should be utilized completely. A major section of the target audience is that of baby boomers who are nostalgic about the brand â€Å"beetle†. Hence, by sticking to the original campaign, this euphoria can be capitalized upon. The basic proposition of â€Å"offering German Engineering affordably† is somewhat violated as the price range of â€Å"The New Beetle† is one of the highest in the small car segment. This can be mitigated by helping customers to meet this higher price. The company did it successfully in the past by providing attractive lease financial deals. This strategy should be continued for this brand also. Campaign: The launch has received a euphoric press reception and well orchestrated PR efforts had helped this cause. However, positive press coverage was not enough to sell the product. The company faces a paucity of advertising funds and the most economic and effective campaign would be a combination of TV and Print advertising. The TV campaign should be targeted at the younger generation customers with flashy jazz loving ads. This sub-segment is the main target audience of the â€Å"The New Beetle†. This TV campaign will use the majority of the funds but will create awareness among a broader customer base. On the other hand, print advertising should be targeted at â€Å"the baby boomers† with the value proposition of â€Å"indulging in nostalgia†. A print media campaign in magazines like ‘Architectural Digest’ would be most useful. It has a high ‘Simmons Descriptor’ which indicates the that the readership is high among those people who are conventional and more likely to be associated with the ‘baby boomers’ section.

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buy custom Rise of Capitalism essay Capitalism is a social and an economic system in which the land and capital, means of production or non-labor factors of production are owned by individuals (privately owned). This means that the labor, goods and other resources are traded in the market with the aim of making profit. The profit is then distributed to owners or even invested in industries and other technologies. In other words, this is a system where factors that make money, like the communications, factories, transportation system and land are owned by private traders and corporations with the aim of making profit. Private means of production, manufacturing of goods and services with the aim of making profit, wages and prices are the elements of capitalism. The economic elements of capitalism include the items like commodities which may be consumer or capital goods, money, labor power, cost of production, pricing and means of production. This usually leads to small group of people having a lot of wealth and big corpo rations hence creating an economic inequality between poor and the rich (John, 2000). Capitalism stresses on the individual economy enterprise freedom. Capitalism has been there from time of industrial revolution where it existed in limited forms in all civilizations economies. In Britain, merchants, industrialist and bankers started displacing ladowners due social, economic and political importance. This however was abused capitalism, government needed to take action so as to curb this; this was like the case of the slavery in United States and Britain and the apartheid in South Africa. This gave rise to monopolist cartels and the frauds in finance sector. Capitalism made the British to be faced with a lot of crises in many sectors like labor and social welfare. Due to unchecked situation, the Britain workers continued to struggle and demanded for more freedom and wages in the employment sectors like industries (Mark, Joel, Christopher Stephen, 2008). By the end of 19th century in United States, direction and the control of large areas of industries came into hands of financiers, trust and also holding companies. By this time, many companies or oligopolistic firms were getting or earning supernormal profits in their operations. Some of the major characteristics of capitalism in this era included the establishment of monopolies or large industrial cartels, management and the ownership of industries by financiers, changed process of production to profit making business; development of banking system that was complex and holding of corporate capital through the ownership of stocks. In late 19th century, Britain saw the industrial capitalism likee supernatural hands which had powers to make a country succeed. This was mainly expressed when Britain became first nation to be industrialized. The economic and political development in the Britain was seen to have been driven by the British capitalism. British capitalism was seen as a model which needed to be followed by other countries for them to be able to develop politically and economically. In 200 years since American constitution was written, there were some striking American capitalism attributes which included the organized improvement of North American continent natural resources; the diversification that was deliberate of national economy from agriculture into mining, services and manufacturing; and public policy effectiveness in promoting growth. The tension between the public and private interest was rising in United States mainly due to increased interest by the individuals to get everything to their own or rather maximizing on their profits. Individuals were putting the interest of their own as first priority rather than the welfare of whole society. Markets were supposed to be guided by a clear system which could not favor the interest of few individuals. Market was supposed to be guided by policies which were to look and serve the interest of the public and not giving few individuals a chance of making abnormal profits (Rubinstein, 1994). Buy custom Rise of Capitalism essay

What Impact Has Globalisation Had On Employment Relations Essay

What Impact Has Globalisation Had On Employment Relations - Essay Example Globalisation is the process that involves the international integration between countries in terms of exchange of new products, global views and different aspects of culture and ideas. Globalization in the world economy had commenced from 1980 and eventually, had spread all across the globe. According to Ronald Robertson, globalization is â€Å"the compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole† (Cuyvers, Lombaerde and Rayp, 2011). If it is assumed in terms of single nature, then globalization is the process that comprises of different magnitudes of cultures, disciplines and communities. On the basis of the principle stated by David Ricardo, globalization allows the countries to progress in terms of their core competences (Ricardo, 1992). Employment relations are defined as the relation that exists between the management of an organization and their employees. It encompasses the various types of grievances, collective bargaining, unions and problem resolutions that exist in the labour market. This essay would explain the impact of globalization on the employment relations of the world. In the context of the essay, the researcher would focus on the actual impact of globalization on the employers, the employees and the unions. At the end, before concluding on the research analysis, the researcher would analyse the impingement of globalization on a state or nation. ... These employers found that the cost of labour resources in the developing economies were much cheaper. This is the reason for the managers of the corporate companies in the developed nations to expand business in the less developed nations like, Russia and India, by recruiting more of their individuals (Arnold, 2008). At the same time, after the emergence of globalization, the business managers in the developing nations like, China and Brazil had started to experience higher degree of competition in their domestic business environment. This was due to the increasing foreign company internationalisation in these nations. After experiencing a higher degree of competition in the domestic market, the business companies in these developing economies have turned out to be more efficient. As a result, the degree of extent of employment opportunities expanded in their companies. The rising level of national incomes in most of the countries, post-globalization, denotes the fact that the scale of operations for most of the companies in the world have increased, which implies that the income thresholds of the employers have also increased. The employers of the companies like, Ford Motors and Tesla have expanded in order to get access to the wide and cheap base of labour resource (US Census Bureau, 2000). Also, similarly, the companies from the developing countries like, Toyota and Tata have expanded their business in the developed nations. Against It should be considered that the degree of labour mobility in the global market have become high after the emergence of globalization. This is why the supply of labour market to the employers had

Gender Theory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender Theory Paper - Essay Example Cultural Approach The cultural approach to gender development is based on the culture of a particular society. Culture comprises the idiosyncratic beliefs, traditions and value systems that are inherent to a particular society. Culture influences gender development through societal expectations about traits and manners appropriate to either male or female members of a particular social order, thereby defining gender roles in day to day life (Appelbaum et al. 2003). Critical Approach The critical approach to gender development is based on the standpoint and the queer performative theories that are focused on societal structures and practices that lead to stratification of people in to groups that possess different privileges unique to each group. For example, men in most cases are accorded the dominant group over women and also enjoy greater privileges in matters of leadership and socio-economic engagements of the society. Critical theorists postulate that the dominant groups advance their interests and viewpoints and impose them on the minority. On the other hand, the subjugated groups become empowered when they realize their plight and fight to overturn the prevailing circumstances so that their viewpoint is accorded consideration (Beck et al. 2006). Biological Theory The biological theory is based on the premise that gender development and differences arise as a result of biological processes that determine how the brain of an individual works. The theory attributes differences in characteristics between men and women to the variance in the functioning of the brain caused by chromosomal and hormonal differences. Women possess two x chromosomes while men possess an x and y chromosome. On the other hand, sex chromosomes in men and women are produced in varying quantities thereby causing the behavioral differences (Perrin, 2003). The biological approach is valid with regards to male and female hormones. Andrea & Moretti (2009) argue that men and women exhibit di fferent characteristics based on their hormonal and chromosomal differences. Androgens are the male sex hormones that lead to the development of male characteristics and in adulthood, males tend to behave more aggressively than their female counterparts with estrogen and progesterone. High level of oxytocin in women is associated with sociability and emotions (Arnold, 2011). It is therefore generally expected that women exhibit greater reaction emotionally to traumatizing experiences than men. This highlights the reason why women are regarded as weak in terms of withstanding stress. The sex hormones exhibit different physical characteristics in men and women whereby men develop strong muscle and are able to undertake vigorous exercises compared to women who possess a tender physical structure. Further more, the hormonal activity in women especially with regards to menstrual cycle and pregnancy leads to irregular mood swings that are typical of the female gender (Andrea & Moretti, 20 09). Interpersonal Approach The interpersonal approach to gender development is based on interpersonal factors that contribute to the development of masculine or feminine characteristics. This approach can be explained through the psychodynamic theory that focuses on childhood development within a family that accentuates interpersonal bonds thereby affecting a child’s sense of identity. It can also be explicated through the